Anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats / Efeito anti-inflamatório do licopeno na uveíte induzida por endotoxina em ratos

ABSTRACT Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy of lycopene, a dietary carotenoid and potent antioxidant, against ocular inflammation and oxidative stress in an experimental uveitis model. Methods: Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single subcutaneous injection of 200 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Induction of EIU was preceded by daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lycopene for three consecutive days (Lycopene + LPS group) or equivolume vehicle (Vehicle + LPS group). A positive control group received 1 mg/kg dexamethasone pretreatment (DEX + LPS), and a negative control group received daily vehicle injection but no LPS (Vehicle Control). Twenty-four hours after LPS or final vehicle administration, eyes were enucleated, and aqueous humor was collected for measurement of the number of infiltrating cells, total protein concentration, and levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and oxidative stress markers. Inflammatory response severity was compared among groups clinically and histopathologically. Results: Infiltrating cell number, total protein concentration, and NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in the aqueous humor of Vehicle + LPS group rats compared to Vehicle Controls. Compared to the Vehicle + LPS group, lycopene pretreatment significantly reduced aqueous humor concentrations of oxidative stress markers, NO (0.29 ± 0.1 μM vs. 0.19 ± 0.1 μM, p=0.003), TNF-α (71.0 ± 22.3 ng/ml vs. 50.1 ± 2.1 ng/ml, p=0.043), and IL-6 (121.6 ± 3.0 pg/ml vs. 111.1 ± 5.6 pg/ml, p=0.008). Inflammatory score was also reduced (2.0 ± 0.0 vs. 0.4 ± 0.5, p=0.001). Lycopene reduced the infiltrating cell count and protein concentration, but differences did not reach significance. Most lycopene effects were equivalent to dexamethasone. Conclusions: Lycopene may aid in the clinical management of uveitis by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliamos o efeito do licopeno, um carotenóide dietético e um potente anti-oxidante, sobre a inflamação ocular e estresse oxidativo em modelo de uveíte experimental. Métodos: Uveíte foi induzida por endotoxina (EIU) em ratos Sprague-Dawley por uma única injeção subcutânea de 200 ug de lipopolissacárido (LPS). A indução de EIU foi precedida por injeção intraperitoneal de licopeno em uma dose de 10 mg/kg (grupo LPS + Licopeno) ou veículo de mesmo volume (grupo LPS + Veículo), durante 3 dias consecutivos. O grupo controle positivo recebeu uma dose de 1 mg/kg de Dexametasona (grupo DEX + LPS) e o grupo controle negativo recebeu doses diárias de veículo mas sem LPS (grupo Controle Veículo). Vinte e quatro horas após a administração do LPS, os olhos foram enucleados, humor aquoso foi recolhido, e o número de células infiltrativas, a concentração de proteína, assim como os níveis de óxido nítrico (NO), fator de necrose tumoral α (TNF-α), interleucina-6 e marcadores de estresse oxidativo foram determinados no humor aquoso. Além disso, a resposta inflamatória foi avaliada clinicamente e histologicamente. Resultados: As células infiltrativas, concentração de proteína, o NO, TNF-α, interleucina-6 foram significativamente elevados no humor aquoso de ratos do grupo Grupo LPS + Veículo quando comparados ao Grupo Controle Veículo. O tratamento com licopeno diminuiu significativamente estes aumentos. Comparado ao Grupo LPS + Veículo, o licopeno reduziu significativamente as concentrações no humor aquoso dos marcadores de estresse oxidativo e NO (de 0,29 ± 0,1 μM para 0,19 ± 0,1 μM, p=0,003), o TNF-α (de 71,0 ± 22,3 ng/ml para 50,1 ± 2,1 ng/ml, p=0,043), interleucina-6 (de 121,6 ± 3,0 pg/ml para 111,1 ± 5,6 pg/ml, p=0,008). Do mesmo modo, o aumento do número de células infiltrativas no tecido uveal em seções histológicas foi significativamente inibido pelo licopeno, a pontuação inflamatória diminuiu de 2,0 ± 0,0 para 0,4 ± 0,5, p=0,001. Embora, não tenha sido estatisticamente significativo, o licopeno reduziu a contagem de células infiltrativas e a concentração de proteínas no humor aquoso. Conclusões: Estes resultados sugerem que o licopeno pode ter efeitos benéficos no tratamento da inflamação ocular, através dos seus efeitos anti-inflamatórios e antioxidantes.

Intraperitoneal administration of silymarin protects end organs from multivisceral ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model

Abstract Objective: To determine whether intraperitoneal silymarin administration has favorable effects on the heart, lungs, kidney, and liver and on oxidative stress in a rat model of supraceliac aorta ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into three groups: sham, control, and silymarin. The control and silymarin groups underwent supraceliac aortic occlusion for 45 min, followed by a 60 min period of reperfusion under terminal anesthesia. In the silymarin group, silymarin was administered intraperitoneally during ischemia at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Rats were euthanized using terminal anesthesia, and blood was collected from the inferior vena cava for total antioxidant capacity, total oxidative status, and oxidative stress index measurement. Lungs, heart, liver and kidney tissues were histologically examined. Results: Ischemia/reperfusion injury significantly increased histopathological damage as well as the total oxidative status and oxidative stress index levels in the blood samples. The silymarin group incurred significantly lesser damage to the lungs, liver and kidneys than the control group, while no differences were observed in the myocardium. Furthermore, the silymarin group had significantly lower total oxidative status and oxidative stress index levels than the control group. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal administration of silymarin reduces oxidative stress and protects the liver, kidney, and lungs from acute supraceliac abdominal aorta ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat model.

Thymoquinone protects end organs from abdominal aorta ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model / Timoquinona protege órgãos terminais da isquemia/reperfusão da aorta abdominal em modelo com ratos

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that thymoquinone has protective effects against ischemia reperfusion injury to various organs like lungs, kidneys and liver in different experimental models. Objective: We aimed to determine whether thymoquinone has favorable effects on lung, renal, heart tissues and oxidative stress in abdominal aorta ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (n=10), control (n=10) and thymoquinone (TQ) treatment group (n=10). Control and TQ-treatment groups underwent abdominal aorta ischemia for 45 minutes followed by a 120-min period of reperfusion. In the TQ-treatment group, thymoquinone was given 5 minutes. before reperfusion at a dose of 20 mg/kg via an intraperitoneal route. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidative status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in blood serum were measured and lung, kidney, and heart tissue histopathology were evaluated with light microscopy. Results: Total oxidative status and oxidative stress index activity in blood samples were statistically higher in the control group compared to the sham and TQ-treatment groups (P<0.001 for TOS and OSI). Control group injury scores were statistically higher compared to sham and TQ-treatment groups (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Conclusion: Thymoquinone administered intraperitoneally was effective in reducing oxidative stress and histopathologic injury in an acute abdominal aorta ischemia-reperfusion rat model. .

Introdução: Estudos prévios demonstraram que a timoquinona tem efeitos protetores contra a lesão de isquemia/reperfusão em vários órgãos como pulmão, rins e fígado em diferentes modelos experimentais. Objetivo: Determinar se timoquinona tem efeitos positivos em tecidos do pulmão, rim e coração e no estresse oxidativo em lesão de isquemia/perfusão da aorta abdominal. Métodos: Trinta ratos foram divididos em três grupos: sham (n=10), controle (n=10) e tratamento com timoquinona (TQ) (n=10). Os grupos controle e de tratamento com TQ foram submetidos à isquemia da aorta abdominal durante 45 minutos, seguido por um período de 120 minutos de reperfusão. No grupo de tratamento com TQ, a timoquinona foi administrada 5 minutos antes da reperfusão, dose de 20 mg/kg através da via intraperitoneal. A capacidade total antioxidante, estado oxidativo total (TOS) e o índice de estresse oxidativo (OSI) no soro do sangue foram medidos, e a histopatologia dos tecidos do pulmão, rim e coração foram avaliados com microscopia de luz. Resultados: Estado oxidativo e índice de estresse oxidativo total em amostras de sangue foram estatisticamente mais altos no grupo controle em relação aos grupos sham e tratamento com TQ (P<0,001 para TOS e OSI). Escores de lesões no grupo controle foram estatisticamente mais altos em relação aos grupos sham e tratamento com TQ (P<0,001 para todas as comparações). Conclusão: A timoquinona administrada por via intraperitoneal foi eficaz na redução do estresse oxidativo e lesão histopatológica em modelo de rato de isquemia/reperfusão aguda da aorta abdominal. .

Evaluation of the safety of intracameral trypan blue injection on corneal tissue using oxidative stress parameters and apoptotic activity: an experimental study / Avaliação da segurança de injeção de azul de tripan intracameral no tecido da córnea utilizando parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e atividade apoptótica: um estudo experimental

Purpose: The present experimental study aimed to investigate the effects of intracameral trypan blue (TB) on oxidative stress parameters and apoptosis in corneal tissue. Methods: Thirty rats were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 rats each: the sham group (Group 1); control group (Group 2); and treatment group (Group 3). The control group was administered 0.01 cc of balanced salt solution. The treatment group was administered 0.006 mg/0.01 cc of TB. The total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in corneal tissue and blood were measured and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Finally, corneal tissue histopathology was evaluated using staining for caspase-3 and -8, and apoptotic activity was examined. Results: The TAS, TOS and OSI levels in the blood samples were not significantly different (p>0.05 for all). Compared with the sham and control groups, the TOS and OSI levels in corneal tissue were significantly different in the treatment group (p<0.05 for all). No significant difference was observed between the sham group and the control group (p>0.05). Immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and caspase-8 demonstrated higher apoptotic activity in the TB group than in the sham and control groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that intracameral TB injection is safe systematically but may be toxic to corneal tissue, as demonstrated using oxidative stress parameters and histopathological evaluation. .

Objetivo: Este estudo experimental tem como objetivo investigar os efeitos do azul de tripan intracameral (TB) sobre parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e apoptose no tecido da córnea. Métodos: Trinta ratos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos de 10 animais cada: grupo simulação (Grupo 1); grupo controle (Grupo 2); e grupo tratamento (Grupo 3). No grupo controle foi administrado 0,01 cc de solução salina balanceada (BSS). No grupo tratamento foi administrado 0,006 mg/0,01 cm de TB. O estado antioxidante total ( TAS) e estado oxidante total ( TOS) no tecido da córnea e sangue foram medidos e o índice de estresse oxidativo (OSI) foi calculado. Finalmente, histopatologia do tecido da córnea foi avaliada por meio da coloração para caspase-3 e -8; atividade apoptótica também foi examinada. Resultados: Os níveis de TAS, TOS e OSI das amostras de sangue não foram significativamente diferentes (p>0,05 para todos). Em comparação com os grupos simulação e controle, os níveis de TOS e OSI no tecido da córnea foram significativamente diferentes no grupo tratamento (p<0,05 para todos). Não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo simulção e o grupo controle (p>0,05). A coloração imuno-histoquímica com a caspase-3 e caspase-8 demonstrou maior atividade apoptótica no grupo tratamento do que nos grupos controle e simulação. Conclusão: Este estudo mostrou que a injeção intracameral TB é segura sistematicamente, mas pode ser tóxica ao tecido da córnea, como demonstrado através de parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e avaliação histopatológica. .

Ulcerative penile Leishmaniasis in a child.

Penile ulcers may be caused by several different agents. Rarely, cutaneous leishmaniasis may also be accompanied by penile ulcers. We report a five-year-old boy with who had an ulcer on the glans penis. Smears from the ulcer demonstrated amastigotes, biopsy showed histopathological features of leishmaniasis and Leishmania was grown in culture. Treatment with meglumine antimoniate injections led to improvement.

Clinical and histopathological characteristics of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa City of Turkey including Syrian refugees.

Background: The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the city of Sanliurfa in Turkey, where Syrian refugees also reside. Materials and Methods: At the Harran University Hospital outpatient clinics between 2012 and 2013, 54 CL cases, including 24 Syrian patients, underwent punch biopsy of the skin and/or a touch imprint. Patients in whom leishmania parasites were detected were included in the study. The clinical and histopathological data of the patients were obtained by a review of the patients’ medical records. All the slides of each patient were re-evaluated histopathologically. Results: Fiftyfour cases (mean age; 17 ± 12 years), consisting of 32 males (59.3%) and 22 females (40.7%), were examined. The most common site of involvement was the face (63%). The most common presentation was noduloulcerative lesions (57.4%). Histopathologically, the majority of the cases exhibited hyperkeratosis, follicular plugging of the epidermis, chronic infl ammatory infi ltration, leishmania amastigotes and non-caseating granulomatous infl ammation in the dermis. Conclusion: CL presents with a wide spectrum of expression, both clinically and histologically, and may mimic other infl ammatory and neoplastic diseases. The diagnosis of CL relies on the identifi cation of leishmania amastigotes in either a direct smear of the lesion or in a tissue section.